Every country, every technology

Where each country ranks among the countries with the most credit, across all 45 technologies.

Leads2nd or 3rd4th or 5th6th–10th

	Computing								Quantum					Comms and sensing								Space and defence							Energy							Materials					Biotech
Country	Large language models	Wide-bandgap semiconductors	AI chips	Advanced chip manufacturing	High-performance computing	Cybersecurity	Distributed ledgers	Advanced robotics	Quantum computing	Quantum communication	Post-quantum cryptography	Atomic clocks	Quantum sensors	Satellite navigation	Inertial navigation	Radar	Sonar and underwater acoustics	Electronic warfare	Hyperspectral imaging	Optical communication	6G and advanced wireless	Small satellites	Advanced aircraft engines	Hypersonic flight	Drones and swarming	Autonomous underwater vehicles	Space launch	Directed energy	Electric batteries	Supercapacitors	Perovskite solar cells	Hydrogen by electrolysis	Nuclear fusion	Nuclear fission power	Hydrogen storage and ammonia fuel	Additive manufacturing	Critical minerals processing	Metamaterials	Magnets and superconductors	Advanced composites	Gene editing	mRNA vaccines and therapeutics	Synthetic biology	Genome sequencing	New antibiotics and antivirals
CNChina	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	2	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	1	2	1
USUnited States	2	2	3	3	1		3	2	1	2	3	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	1	2	2	2	2	2	3	2		2	3	1	2		2	2	2	2	2	1	1	2	1	2
DEGermany					3				3	3		3	3	3														2					3									3
GBUnited Kingdom	3															2				3	2		3		3	3		3											3	3				3
KRSouth Korea			2																								3		3	3	3	2		3				3			3		3
INIndia				2		2	2				2								3					3						2						3									3
ITItaly								3									3					3
AUAustralia																																			2		3
CACanada															3			2		3
SASaudi Arabia						3																													2
JPJapan		3
FRFrance
HKHong Kong
SGSingapore
ESSpain
PKPakistan
RURussia
NONorway
TRTurkey
CHSwitzerland
IRIran
PLPoland
TWTaiwan
BRBrazil
PTPortugal
AEUnited Arab Emirates
LULuxembourg
ZASouth Africa
NLNetherlands
BEBelgium
ATAustria
EGEgypt
FIFinland
ILIsrael
BDBangladesh
DKDenmark
MYMalaysia
MAMorocco
NZNew Zealand
SESweden

The 40 countries with the most top-five places, most first. Ranks by share of the 10% most cited papers, 2021–2025; ties share the higher rank. Source: OpenAlex, pulled 23 October 2026. Download these numbers Method